What the four checks mean
Trailer rating: the actual loaded trailer mass must not exceed its own ATM or the vehicle's braked capacity. Ball limit: the loaded ball weight must not exceed the towbar and vehicle limit. GVM: vehicle + occupants + cargo + ball weight must stay under GVM. GCM: the loaded vehicle and loaded caravan together must stay under GCM. Passing these four arithmetic checks does not establish roadworthiness: axle, tyre, trailer ATM, coupling and brake requirements and local rules also apply.
How it's calculated
Frequently asked questions
Where do I find my vehicle's numbers?
Find ratings in the matching manufacturer specification and owner's manual, plus the vehicle plate where provided; check the towbar plate for equipment limits. Use a verified full-fuel base vehicle mass or weigh the unhitched vehicle; tare and kerb definitions differ and must not be interchanged. When the towbar plate and the manual disagree, the lower number wins.
Where do I find the caravan's ATM and ball weight?
ATM is on the caravan's compliance plate. Ball weight is not fixed: it changes with how you load the van. The plate lists the unladen ball weight; weigh yours loaded (ball scale or weighbridge) because that is the number that counts.
What ball weight should I aim for?
Follow the trailer and vehicle manufacturers' loading instructions and the lowest applicable ball-load limit. A percentage alone does not establish stability or compliance; weigh the loaded combination and check axle loads.
My combination fails one check. What are my options?
Reduce the actual load without exceeding axle or loading requirements, or choose a suitable vehicle and trailer. Removing cargo does not change the trailer plate ATM. Do not assume a vehicle modification changes any other certified limit; obtain its approval documents.